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1.
Ann Afr Med ; 22(4): 489-496, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38358150

RESUMO

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and the effect of age and gender in healthy Africans using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: In 172 eyes of 88 volunteers, the CT in the central subfoveal (CSF) area and at 2.5 mm superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants was measured. Four eyes were excluded due to poor image quality and image decentration. Simple linear regression was used to measure the effect of age on CT, and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. Results: The were 88 male and 84 female eyes, aged 30-80 years. The mean CT was CSF 265.44 ± 6.2 µm; inferior 256.19 ± 70.6 µm; superior 249.92 ± 76.2 µm; temporal 235.51 ± 70.3 µm; and nasal 199.53 ± 69.8 µm. The choroid was thickest in the CSF > Inferior > Superior > Temporal, and the nasal quadrant was thinnest in all age groups. There was a considerable decrease in the CSF with increasing age (P < 0.001). CT in males and females was similar since the difference in mean CSF CT between the genders was 2.085 µm (P = 0.858). Menopausal females had thinner CSF CT compared to premenopausal females (P < 0.001), but this was due to the aging effect. Conclusion: CT decreases significantly with increasing age but shows no gender difference in Africans. A comparison of CT studies from other ethnic nationalities shows some similarity with CT in Africans, suggesting that CT findings from other ethnic groups can be extrapolated to Africans.


Résumé Objectif: Évaluer l'épaisseur choroïdienne (CT) et l'effet de l'âge et du sexe chez les Africains noirs en bonne santé à l'aide de la tomographie par cohérence optique dans le domaine spectral (SD-OCT) par imagerie en profondeur améliorée (EDI). Matériel et méthodes: Dans 172 yeux de 88 volontaires, la tomodensitométrie dans la zone sous-fovéale centrale (LCR) et à 2,5 mm quadrants supérieur, inférieur, nasal et temporal a été mesurée. Quatre yeux ont été exclus en raison de la mauvaise qualité de l'image et de la décentration de l'image. Une régression linéaire simple a été utilisée pour mesurer l'effet de l'âge sur la TDM, et l'analyse statistique a été effectuée à l'aide de la version 22 d'IBM SPSS Statistics. Résultats: Il y avait quatre-vingt-huit yeux masculins et 84 yeux féminins, âgés de 30 à 80 ans. La TDM moyenne était de 265,44 ± 6,2 µm ; inférieure 256,19±70,6 µm; supérieur 249,92 ±76,2 µm; temporal 235,51 ±70,3 µm; et nasale 199,53 ±69,8 µm. La choroïde était la plus épaisse dans le LCR > inférieure > supérieure > temporal, et le quadrant nasal était le plus mince dans tous les groupes d'âge. Il y a eu une diminution considérable du LCR avec l'âge (p < 0,001). La TDM chez les hommes et les femmes était similaire puisque la différence de TDM moyenne du LCR entre les sexes était de 2,085 µm (p = 0,858). Les femmes ménopausées avaient une TDM du LCR plus mince que les femmes préménopausées (p<0,001), mais cela était dû à l'effet du vieillissement. Conclusion: CT diminue significativement avec l'âge, mais ne montre aucune différence entre les sexes chez les Africains noirs. Une comparaison des études CT d'autres nationalités ethniques montre une certaine similitude avec CT chez les Africains, ce qui suggère que les résultats CT d'autres groupes ethniques peuvent être extrapolés aux Africains noirs. Mots-clés: Africains, vieillissement, choroïde, épaisseur choroïdienne, tomographie par cohérence optique, rétine.


Assuntos
Corioide , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Corioide/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos
2.
Idowu Bolade Olawoye; Paul Eniola Oluniyi; Edyth Parker; Judith Uche Oguzie; Jessica Nnenna Uwanibe; Tolulope Adeyemi Kayode; Fehintola Victoria Ajogbasile; Testimony Jesupamilerin Olumade; Philomena Eromon; Priscilla Abechi; Tope Sobajo; Chinedu Ugwu; George Uwem; Femi Ayoade; Kazeem Akano; Oluwasemilogo Oluwasekunolami Akinlo; Julie Oreoluwa Akin-John; Nicholas Oyejide; Olubukola Ayo-Ale; Benjamin Adegboyega; Grace Chizaramu Chukwu; Ayomide Adeleke; Grace Opemipo Ezekiel; Farida Brimmo; Olanrewaju Odunyemi Fayemi; Iyanuoluwa Fred-Akintunwa; Ibrahim F. Yusuf; Testimony Oluwatise Ipaye; Oluwagboadurami John; Ahmed Iluoreh Muhammad; Deborah Chisom Nwodo; Olusola Akinola Ogunsanya; Johnson Okolie; Abolade Esther Omoniyi; Iyobosa Beatrice Omwanghe; Oludayo Oluwaseyi Ope-ewe; Shobi Otitoola; Kemi Adedotun-Suleiman; Courage Philip; Mudasiru Femi Saibu; Ayotunde Elijah Sijuwola; Christabel Anamuma Terkuma; Augustine Abu; Johnson Adekunle Adeniji; Moses Olubusuyi Adewunmi; Olufemi Oluwapelumi Adeyemi; Rahaman Ahmed; Anthony Ahumibe; Anthony Nnennaya Ajayi; Olusola Akanbi; Olatunji Akande; Monilade Akinola; Afolabi Akinpelu; George Akpede; Ekanem Anieno; Antjony E. Atage; Oyeronke Ayansola; Marycelin Baba; Olajumoke Babatunde; Bamidele Soji Oderinde; Ebo Benevolence; Osiemi Blessing; Mienye Bob-Manuel; Andrew Bock-Oruma; Aire Chris; Chimaobi Chukwu; Funmi Daramola; Adomeh Donatus; Rosemay Duruihuoma; Yerumoh Edna; Matthew Ekeh; Erim Ndoma; Richard Ewah; Akinwumi Fajola; Enoch Olowatosin Fakayode; Adeola Fowotade; Galadima Gadzama; Daniel Igwe; Odia Ikponmwosa; Rafiu Olasunkanmi Isamotu; Agbukor Jacqueline; Aiyepada John; Julie Johnson Ekpo; Ibrahim Kida; Nwando Mba; Airende Micheal; Mirabeau Youtchou Tatfeng; Worbianueri Beatrice Moore-Igwe; Anietie Moses; Okonofua Naregose; Nsikak-Abasi Ntia; Ifeanyi Nwafor; Elizabeth Odeh; Ephraim Ogbaini; Kingsley Chiedozie Ojide; Sylvanus Okogbenin; Peter Okokhere; Sylvanus Okoro; Azuka Okwuraiwe; Olisa Olasunkanmi; Oluseyi Olayinka; Adesuyi Omoare; Ewean Chukwuma Omoruyi; Hannah E. Omunakwe; Emeka Onwe Ogah; Chika Onwuamah; Venatious Onyia; Akhilomen Patience; Ebhodaghe Paulson; Omiunu Racheal; Esumeh Rita; Giwa Rosemary; Joseph Shaibu; Joseph Shaibu; Ehikhametalor Solomon; Ngozi Ugwu; Collins Nwachi Ugwu; Kingsley Ukwuaja; Zara Wudiri; Nnaemeka Ndodo; Brittany Petros; Bronwyn Mcannis; Cyril Oshomah; Femi Oladiji; Katherine J. Siddle; Rosemary Audu; Babatunde Lawal Salako; Stephen Schaffner; Danny Park; Ifedayo Adetifa; Chikwe Ihekweazu; Oyewale Tomori; Anise Nkenjop Happi; Onikepe Folarin; Kristian G. Andersen; Pardis C. Sabeti; Christian Tientcha Happi.
Preprint em Inglês | medRxiv | ID: ppmedrxiv-22280269

RESUMO

Identifying the dissemination patterns and impacts of a virus of economic or health importance during a pandemic is crucial, as it informs the public on policies for containment in order to reduce the spread of the virus. In this study, we integrated genomic and travel data to investigate the emergence and spread of the B.1.1.318 and B.1.525 variants of interest in Nigeria and the wider Africa region. By integrating travel data and phylogeographic reconstructions, we find that these two variants that arose during the second wave emerged from within Africa, with the B.1.525 from Nigeria, and then spread to other parts of the world. Our results show how regional connectivity in downsampled regions like Africa can often influence virus transmissions between neighbouring countries. Our findings demonstrate the power of genomic analysis when combined with mobility and epidemiological data to identify the drivers of transmission in the region, generating actionable information for public health decision makers in the region.

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